Missile

During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, Soviet sub B-59 was hit by U.S. depth charges; its captain prepared a nuclear torpedo launch. All three senior officers had to agree, but Vasili Arkhipov alone refused. His no is credited with preventing Nuclear war.

Before World War II, British RAF scientists couldn't crack bomber interception. Commander Grenfell guided fighters by eye, hitting 90% accuracy with the 'gaze heuristic.' This principle later inspired the American Sidewinder missile.