Before World War II, British RAF scientists couldn't crack bomber interception. Commander Grenfell guided fighters by eye, hitting 90% accuracy with the 'gaze heuristic.' This principle later inspired the American Sidewinder missile.
A baseball outfielder does not calculate where a fly ball will land. They simply run while keeping their line of sight to the ball at a constant angle. Falcons hunting ducks use the same method. This instinctive tracking is called the gaze heuristic.