Greenland

Greenland is mostly ice, yet its name means 'green land.' Around 982 the Viking Erik the Red, exiled from Iceland for murder, founded a colony and chose an appealing name to lure settlers. The fjords he settled did green in summer. Around 985, 25 ships set out; 14 arrived.

Indigenous people of eastern Greenland carved wood into 3D shapes mimicking coastlines, creating 'Ammassalik maps.' Since paper maps were impossible to read in the snow, these tactile maps let navigators feel the terrain by touch alone.