A book format in which a long sheet of papyrus, parchment, or paper is rolled up for storage; it was dominant in the ancient Mediterranean and East Asia before the codex spread.
The Herculaneum scroll buried by the volcano Vesuvius was a charcoal lump that would crumble if opened. In 2026, X-ray 3D scans and AI ink detection let researchers read one scroll end to end for the first time since AD 79: an ancient library opened without opening it.