Mitochondria

Mitochondria are organelles that produce ATP through cellular respiration in most eukaryotic cells. They contain their own DNA and are thought to have originated through symbiosis with bacteria.

The Sherpa advantage on Mount Everest is not just more blood. Many people adapt to altitude by making extra red cells, but Sherpas can have lower hemoglobin while their muscle mitochondria use oxygen more efficiently — a result of long evolution.

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